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A vacuum gauge measures pressure below the atmospheric pressure. Normally the atmospheric pressure is set as zero and the vacuum pressure is given in negative values, so -1 barg (-15 psig) means complete vacuum.
The atmospheric pressure is the standard pressure at sea level and is 101.325 kPa. It is more common to express pressure in bar or psi. Vacuum pressure (Pvac) is expressed in a negative value with respect to the atmospheric pressure.
It is not the same as absolute pressure (Pabs), which is measured with respect to the absolute zero point.
It is important to note that vacuum pressure gauges and absolute pressure gauges are not the same thing. Normal vacuum pressure gauges measure against the atmospheric pressure, while absolute pressure gauges measure with reference to the absolute zero point. In order to do so, these gauges contain a reference chamber with a near full vacuum. These are high end products that are for example used to monitor vacuum pumps or vacuum packaging machines.
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